Vata is composed of Air and Space elements. Air gives Vata a moving nature. Physiologically Vata represents the nervous system  which controls all movement, breathing, transport of material within the body, and all elimination and secretions and at a subtle level even thought processes. It regulates the heartbeat and the nerve impulses. 

Vata-predominant people have a light bone structure and low weight and they find it hard to gain weight. They have a tendency toward irregular appetite, bowel movements and sleep. As vata people usually have cold hands and feet, they prefer hot temperatures and like warm and spicy foods and drinks. They are enthusiastic, imaginative and talkative. 

If vata goes out of balance, physiologically they will experience a combination of symptoms like constipation, dry and hard stool, gas and bloating. Mentally they will often experience nervousness, anxiety, worries and sleep problems. Vata dosha is easily brought out of balance, even in people with only a small proportion of vata.

Pitta is composed of Fire and Water elements. Fire gives Pitta a heating nature which enables digestion and metabolism. Physiologically Pitta represents the digestive system and specifically enzymes and hormones which control the digestion of food as well as its metabolism into tissues. Pitta also helps to regulate body temperature, sharpness in eyesight and intellect.

Pitta-predominant people have a medium body frame and generally have ideal weight and have no issues with weight. They usually have good appetite and can’t miss meals and become upset by a delay of meals when hungry. Pitta people usually sweat easily and prefer mild spicy food and cool weather. Pitta people are generally well organized and goal oriented and are perfectionist by nature. They become angry and frustrated if people and things don’t work according to their plan.

If Pitta gets out of balance physiologically it can manifest as one or a combination of symptoms like inflammation in joints, skin rashes, loose bowels etc. and mentally they can show outbursts of anger, irritability and frustration.

Kapha is composed of Earth and Water. Through water Kapha holds together the different structures of the body. Through Earth It promotes mass, immunity, and fertility. People with a predominance of Kapha have a large body frame, strong build, and prominent muscles. They have a tendency to be overweight and have difficulty losing weight. Their immune system works well and they seldom fall ill. Kapha people have stamina; physical exercise and movement are good for them. They like warm and spicy food. They have slow digestion and can easily feel full or heavy in the stomach. 

They are characterized by patience, fortitude, gentleness and flexibility. 

If Kapha gets out of balance, physiologically the person can have one or a combination of symptoms like excess weight gain, joint or general body stiffness, indigestion, or nausea. Mentally they may experience dullness, depression or low energy and be predisposed to colds.